Examine the relationships between the degree of risk posed by a hazard and the probability of a hazard event occurring, the predicted losses and a community’s preparedness for it. Explain the reasons why individuals and communities often underestimate the probability of hazard events occurring. Discuss the factors that determine an individual’s perception of the risk posed by hazards. Examine the methods used to make estimates (predictions) of the probability (in time and space) of hazard events occurring, and of their potential impact on lives and property. Discuss these methods by examining case studies relating to two different hazard types.